Samuel Henry Kraines, M.D. (The Therapy of the Neuroses and Psychoses: A Socio-Psycho-Biologic Analysis and Resynthesis, 1941) wrote …

“Peptic ulcer has been thrown more and more into the limelight in studies of the psychosoma. Several points stand out: (1) peptic ulcer is not a purely local disease of the stomach. Cushing first observed 3 cases of early fatality due to peptic ulcers following operation on brain tumors. The constitutional factor in the predisposition of ulcers indicates the general correlations of the disease. (2) In the etiology of gastric ulcer, the literature stresses the importance of disturbance in gastric secretion and motility. (3) There is increasing recognition of the role of psychic factors in the etiology of peptic ulcer, and the recurrent attacks thereof. In general, it is well to remember that ulcer is the last manifestation of several processes which have gone on before, including the predisposition, and the psychologic and physical disturbances which have brought about a disturbance of gastric motility and secretion. Pylorospasm, and spasm of the intestines are subject to similar analysis.”