Sander L. Gilman (Creating Beauty to Cure the Soul: Race and Psychology in the Shaping of Aesthetic Surgery, 1998) …

“Patients transfer the father and the father’s idealized qualities onto the surgeon: ‘The incisiveness, firmness, strength — one might almost say ruthlessness — of the surgeon, and the general mental and physical superiority common to so many surgeons.’ The surgeon as father and the patient as child provide a model that is hardly conducive to cure. It rather evokes the world that, according to Freud, produces neurosis and psychosis instead of curing the psyche through intervening in the body.”