“It will thus be seen that according to Beard a carcinoma or sarcoma represents the abortive attempt to repeat the life cycle of one of these germ-cell spores, originally destined to become a fetus. It will be seen, too, that the carcinoma and sarcoma represent only the lowest stage in development of a germ-cell, the more successful ones, if growing, attaining the distinction of producing a higher tumor, i.e., one more nearly approximating the complete individual teratoma, double monster, or identical twin. Recalling now that the earliest stage of development in the normal germ-cell or fertilized egg is the chorionic stage (or, as it was termed, the pre-embryonic or trophoblastic stage), it follows that a cancer cell, being an abnormal germ-cell in its lowest stage of development, corresponds to a chorionic or trophoblastic cell. Hence, Dr. Beard’s first and often repeated postulate that the cancer cell is an ‘irresponsible trophoblast.’”